WIPO - A Users' Guide

WIPO Publication 1040

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The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is a United Nations (UN) specialized agency and the leading intergovernmental organization dedicated to the promotion and use of intellectual property (IP).

The Organization seeks to develop a balanced and effective international IP system that rewards creativity, stimulates innovation and contributes to the economic, social and cultural development of all countries, while safeguarding the public interest.

Core Activities

WIPO’s mandate is to promote the protection of IP throughout the world through cooperation among states and in collaboration with other international organizations.

Its diverse activities center on:

Norms

• Administering 24 multilateral treaties
• Working with member states to build agreement on and support the evolution of the international legal framework for IP

Services

• Providing global IP services – under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), Madrid, Hague and Lisbon systems – that make it easier and more cost-effective to obtain protection internationally for, respectively, new inventions, brands, designs and appellations of origin
• Providing arbitration, mediation and other alternative dispute resolution services

Development

Assisting governments and organizations in:

• Establishing national IP and innovation strategies
• Developing appropriate regulatory frameworks for IP
• Building the infrastructure and human capacity needed to harness the potential of IP for economic development

Infrastructure

Providing technical infrastructure that includes:

• Facilitating access to WIPO’s world-standard databases of IP information
• Training and tools for using IP information
• Technical platforms to facilitate exchange of information among IP offices

Respect for IP

Building awareness, understanding and respect for IP, including:

• Playing a leading role in encouraging and facilitating international dialogue on enforcement-related issues
• Providing training and education programs

Partnerships

• Working in partnership with the UN and other organizations to identify and promote IP-based solutions to climate change, food security, public health and other global challenges

How WIPO Began

WIPO was established in 1970, following the entry into force of the 1967 WIPO Convention. The terms governing WIPO’s mandate, functions, finances and procedures are set out in that Convention.

WIPO was the successor to the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property – best known by its French acronym, BIRPI. Set up in 1893, BIRPI resulted from the union of two small bureaus set up to administer the 1883 Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention) and the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Convention).

The Paris Convention was the first major international treaty designed to help the people of one country obtain protection in other countries for their intellectual creations, in the form of industrial property rights.

In a similar way, the Berne Convention, the first multilateral treaty in the field of copyright, was crafted to help nationals of its member states to obtain international protection of their right to control, and receive payment for, the use of literary and artistic works.

Originally based in Berne, BIRPI moved to Geneva in 1960 to be closer to the UN and other international organizations. In 1970, when BIRPI became WIPO, the organization underwent structural and administrative reforms and established a secretariat answerable to its member states.

Member States and Decision-Making Bodies

WIPO’s member states determine the strategic direction and approve the activities of the Organization. Delegates from member states meet in assemblies, committees and working groups.

WIPO currently has 184 member states (over 90 percent of the world’s countries). Some 69 intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and 284 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are accredited as observers at WIPO meetings.

Governing Bodies

WIPO’s main policy and decision-making bodies are:

• The WIPO General Assembly (for composition and functions see Article 6 of the WIPO Convention
• The WIPO Conference (see Article 7)
• The WIPO Coordination Committee (see Article 8)

Each year, these bodies meet in September in Geneva.

There are also assemblies of certain of the unions established under some WIPO-administered treaties – for example, the PCT Union Assembly and the Madrid Union Assembly.

Standing Committees

Standing committees are ad hoc committees of experts established for a particular purpose by the General Assembly. WIPO’s standing committees are:

• Standing Committee on the Law of Patents (SCP)
• Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT)
• Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR)

When a standing committee determines that sufficient progress has been made in order to move towards treaty adoption, the General Assembly can decide to convene a Diplomatic Conference. This is a high-level meeting of member states, convened purely to finalize negotiations on a new treaty.

Permanent Committees

Any of the governing bodies can constitute committees as required, for example the:

• Program and Budget Committee
• Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP)
• Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC)
• Advisory Committee on Enforcement (ACE)

In addition, the international classification treaties (i.e., the Locarno (industrial designs), Nice (marks), Strasbourg (patents) and Vienna (figurative elements of marks) Agreements) established permanent committees of experts with a mandate to periodically revise and update the classification systems.

Working Groups

A standing committee or any of the assemblies can decide to establish a working group to examine a particular question in more detail (e.g., the Working Group on the Legal Development of the Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks).

The General Rules of Procedure of WIPO apply to all WIPO governing bodies as well as any subsidiary bodies.

WIPO provides simultaneous interpretation into English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish at its meetings. Conference service staff can provide information on booking meeting rooms and/or interpretation services for group meetings of delegates.

WIPO seeks to involve IGOs, NGOs, industry groups and other stakeholders as widely as possible in consultation processes and debates about current issues. The Organization welcomes the inclusion of stakeholder organizations and interest groups as observers at formal meetings of member states. Organizations wishing to apply for permanent observer status are invited to submit a request to the WIPO Secretariat, which then presents that request to the Assemblies of the member states for approval.

Development Agenda

The WIPO Development Agenda, adopted in October 2007 by the General Assembly, consists of 45 recommendations aimed at strengthening the development dimension in all areas of WIPO’s work. A priority for the Organization, the Development Agenda is being implemented by mainstreaming its principles and activities into all of WIPO’s programs. To date, some 18 dedicated projects responding to specific recommendations are under way (with one more having been completed in November 2010).

The Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP), established in 2007 by the General Assembly, is mandated to:

• Develop a work program for implementing the 45 Development Agenda recommendations
• Monitor, assess, discuss and report on implementation of the recommendations
• Discuss any other IP and development-related issues as agreed by the Committee

WIPO Treaties

Current membership figures (as of June 2011) for some of the 24 international treaties administered by WIPO are:

• Paris Convention – 173 contracting parties
• Berne Convention – 164 contracting parties
• Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) – 144 contracting parties
• Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (and the Protocol to the Madrid Agreement) – 85 contracting parties (in the Madrid Union Assembly)
• Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks – 24 contracting parties
• Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs – 58 contracting parties
• Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and Their International Registration – 27 contracting parties
• WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) – 89 contracting parties
• WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) – 89 contracting parties
• Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure – 75 contracting parties

Program and Budget

Every two years, WIPO’s Director General presents a Program and Budget to member states for approval. It details objectives, performance measures and budgetary planning for all proposed program activities.

WIPO is unusual among the family of UN organizations in that it is largely self-financing. Over 90 percent of the Organization's budgeted expenditure of 618.8 million Swiss francs, for the 2010-2011 biennium, comes from revenue from WIPO’s global IP services (the PCT, Madrid, Hague and Lisbon systems). The remainder is primarily made up of revenue from WIPO’s arbitration and mediation services, plus contributions from member states. These contributions are relatively small, with the five largest contributing countries each donating about one-half percent of the Organization's budget.

Following consultations with member states, a draft Medium Term Strategic Plan (MTSP), covering the six-year period from 2010 to 2015, was approved by the General Assembly in September 2010.

The MTSP addresses:

• Changes in the external environment in which WIPO operates
• Challenges and opportunities that this presents for IP and for WIPO in the medium term
• Outcomes the Organization will seek to deliver over the next five years
• Strategies that will enable it to do so

Strategic Goals

The nine strategic goals, which provide the framework for the Program and Budget as well as the MTSP are:

• A balanced evolution of the international normative framework for IP
• Provision of premier global IP services
• Facilitating the use of IP for development
• Coordination and development of global IP infrastructure
• World reference source for IP information and analysis
• International cooperation on building respect for IP
• Addressing IP in relation to global policy issues
• A responsive communications interface between WIPO, its member states and other stakeholders
• An efficient administrative and financial support structure to enable WIPO to deliver its programs

Secretariat

WIPO’s staff of over 1,200 employees, drawn from more than 100 countries, includes experts in all fields of IP law and practice, as well as specialists in administration, economics, information technology, public policy and translation.

The respective divisions of the Secretariat are responsible for:

• Coordinating the meetings of member states and implementing their decisions
• Administering the international IP registration systems
• Developing and executing the programs designed to achieve WIPO’s goals
• Providing a repository of IP expertise to assist its members

WIPO cooperates with other UN agencies and specialized bodies in Geneva and around the world, with the aim of ensuring that its activities contribute effectively to achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals and to other UN-wide initiatives.

WIPO’s partnership initiatives include:

• WIPO External Offices – based in New York, Rio de Janeiro, Singapore and Tokyo – which help to manage the network of relationships with international, regional and national partner organizations
• An external relations function, which enables a coherent organizational approach to relations with the external community, including the UN and other international organizations
• Its efforts to mobilize extrabudgetary resources by seeking out new partners and potential donors able to provide additional resources for development-related projects
• The WIPO Voluntary Fund, created to ensure that indigenous and local communities can take an active part in the discussions of the IGC

Strategic Realignment

Following the appointment of Director General Francis Gurry in October 2008, WIPO embarked on a major program designed to better equip the Organization to meet the challenges of the rapidly changing IP environment. The Strategic Realignment Program (SRP) began by redefining WIPO’s strategic-level goals, then progressively bringing the Organization’s structures, cultural values, processes and resources into alignment with the new goals (see the SRP roadmap ). Completion of the process is expected by the end of 2012.

Having completed the initial restructuring of programs and resources, the SRP is now focused on implementing a set of multiple, interconnected initiatives grouped under the following four core values:

• Service orientation – increasing WIPO’s responsiveness to global stakeholders and their satisfaction with the Organization’s services
• Working as one – working as an integrated, responsive and efficient entity that is fit for purpose and delivers value for money
• Accountability for results – taking ownership of performance and achieving results
• Environmental, social and governance responsibility – performing in an ethical manner and caring about WIPO’s staff, its community and the environment

Financial Regulations and Rules

The financial activities of WIPO are governed by the Financial Regulations and Rules . In line with the revised WIPO Financial Regulations and Rules, which took effect in January 2008, a new accounting and reporting system based on the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) was implemented in January 2010.

Oversight

An Internal Audit and Oversight Division (IAOD), an External Auditor and an Independent Advisory Oversight Committee help to ensure the accountability, transparency and oversight of WIPO's operations and activities.

• The IAOD is responsible for conducting – in an independent manner - audits, inspections, investigations and evaluations. The division makes recommendations aimed at assisting management in meeting its responsibilities, achieving the Organization’s strategic goals and objectives and safeguarding its staff and assets.
• The External Auditor – the Auditor General (or equivalent) of a member state – is appointed by the General Assembly. The External Auditor is appointed for a six-year term that cannot be renewed consecutively.
• The WIPO Independent Advisory Oversight Committee assists member states in their oversight function and in better exercising their governance responsibilities with respect to various WIPO operations.  The WIPO General Assembly approves the Committee’s terms of reference as recommended by the Program and Budget Committee.

WIPO Buildings

Construction of a new WIPO building was completed at the beginning of 2011. The new building has four underground levels, an atrium-style ground floor with a cafeteria and five floors of offices with 560 workplaces. Its design, by Behnisch Architekten of Stuttgart, Germany, includes a cooling system using water from nearby Lake Léman, and about 1,500 m2 of the roof surface will be insulated from summer heat by earth and vegetation.

Work began in 2011 on a conference hall seating 900 that will adjoin WIPO’s headquarters. The new hall, also designed by Behnisch Architekten, gives priority to sustainability. A wooden main structure and interior finishing, natural light, hybrid ventilation combining natural and mechanical means and a cooling system similar to the one mentioned above are among the most significant environmentally-friendly features of the new hall.

 

Practical Information

The WIPO Library is a specialized legal reference library designed to support the information needs of WIPO staff and delegates of WIPO member states. Located in the new WIPO building, the library's collections consist of some 35,000 monographs and 300 periodicals covering all aspects of IP law, as well as topics such as biotechnology, plant varieties, traditional knowledge, economics and information technology. Delegates may visit the library or search its holdings via the Internet.  The Library is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., Monday to Friday. Its staff are available to respond to specific requests, and the Library offers free use of its public computers.

WIPO has two cafeterias, one located to the right of the entrance to the PCT Building (on Chemin du Pré-de-la-Bichette) and the other on the ground floor of the new building.  They are open from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday to Friday. Also available is a comfortable coffee/tea lounge (with coin-operated machines) on the 13th floor of WIPO’s headquarters building.

The WIPO Information Center allows visitors to learn how ideas for inventions, designs or trademarks are registered and protected worldwide, and how copyright helps safeguard literary and artistic works through various interactive information tools.  Open from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 2 to 6 p.m., the Center also offers a selection of publications and souvenirs. Multilingual staff are on hand to answer questions.

The WIPO Customer Service Center:

• Provides general information on IP and WIPO to customers and stakeholders
• Ensures a prompt and appropriate reply to enquiries
• Liaises with specialized internal support teams
• Resolves problems and complaints
• Enquiries at http://www.wipo.int/contact/ or by calling 022 338 8787 (Monday to Friday – 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.).

WIPO's Carbon Neutrality Project, established by the Director General in February 2009, is an expression of the Organization's firm commitment to environmental responsibility. The project aims to

• Make the Organization’s in-house practices more environmentally friendly
• Improve resource efficiency
• Reduce WIPO’s carbon footprint

In 2009, WIPO took part in the first-ever UN-wide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory. As a result, WIPO established its baseline GHG Inventory against which its future performance will be measured.

WIPO Computers and Online Resources

WIPO’s public computers (with Internet access), are located on the mezzanine (first floor) of the headquarters building, in the Information Center on the ground floor, as well as in the WIPO Library. The software for the visually impaired installed on these computers allows web pages to be read aloud to users. WIPO also provides free wi-fi Internet access.

Some of WIPO’s online resources:

• Special portal for delegates: This portal includes access to the Observatory, a password-protected financial status resource reserved for use by WIPO member states.
• WIPO Assemblies page: A new feature on the WIPO website, this page offers easy access to information on and documents for the WIPO Assemblies.
• WIPO documents: These can be requested from the WIPO Conference Service, or directly at the Room A document desk during meetings.
• WIPO press releases.
• WIPO member states and observers.
• WIPO treaties.
• WIPO GOLD: Online global IP reference resource that provides access to a broad collection of searchable IP data and tools relating to technology, brands, designs, statistics, WIPO standards, IP classification systems, IP laws and treaties, and domain name decisions.
• WIPO Library: Catalogue.
• WIPO annual reports.
• Distance learning: In particular, the General Course on Intellectual Property (DL-101), offered through the WIPO Academy, that covers copyright, related rights, patents, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs, plant breeders' rights, unfair competition and international registration systems.
• VisionIP: WIPO platform for initiatives to facilitate access to information and cultural content by visually-impaired persons (copyright issues)
• YouTube presence: The WIPO Channel features documentaries and interviews with artists, creators and inventors that show the importance of creativity and innovation.

Contact Information

• WIPO switchboard: 022 338 91 11
• WIPO documentation desk (Room A): 022 338 93 48 or 022 338 93 49
• WIPO Library: 022 338 85 73
• To contact WIPO: www.wipo.int/contact
• Customer service center: 022 338 87 87